- The C Standard Library
- C Standard Library Resources
- C Programming Resources
- Selected Reading
As string.h header file contains inbuilt functions to handle Strings in C/C, the ctype.h/cctype contains inbuilt functions to handle characters in C/C respectively. Characters are of two types: Printable Characters: The characters that are displayed on the terminal. Control Characters: The characters that are initiated to perform a specific operation. For a detailed chart on what the different ctype functions return for each character of the standard ANSII character set, see the reference for the cctype header. In C, a locale-specific template version of this function ( isxdigit ) exists in header.
The ctype.h header file of the C Standard Library declares several functions that are useful for testing and mapping characters.
All the functions accepts int as a parameter, whose value must be EOF or representable as an unsigned char.
All the functions return non-zero (true) if the argument c satisfies the condition described, and zero(false) if not.
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Library Functions
Following are the functions defined in the header ctype.h −
| Sr.No. | Function & Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | int isalnum(int c) This function checks whether the passed character is alphanumeric. |
| 2 | int isalpha(int c) This function checks whether the passed character is alphabetic. |
| 3 | int iscntrl(int c) This function checks whether the passed character is control character. |
| 4 | int isdigit(int c) This function checks whether the passed character is decimal digit. |
| 5 | int isgraph(int c) This function checks whether the passed character has graphical representation using locale. |
| 6 | int islower(int c) This function checks whether the passed character is lowercase letter. |
| 7 | int isprint(int c) This function checks whether the passed character is printable. |
| 8 | int ispunct(int c) This function checks whether the passed character is a punctuation character. |
| 9 | int isspace(int c) This function checks whether the passed character is white-space. |
| 10 | int isupper(int c) This function checks whether the passed character is an uppercase letter. |
| 11 | int isxdigit(int c) This function checks whether the passed character is a hexadecimal digit. |
The library also contains two conversion functions that accepts and returns an 'int'.
| Sr.No. | Function & Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | int tolower(int c) This function converts uppercase letters to lowercase. |
| 2 | int toupper(int c) This function converts lowercase letters to uppercase. |
Character Classes
| Sr.No. | Character Class & Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | Digits This is a set of whole numbers { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }. |
| 2 | Hexadecimal digits This is the set of { 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F a b c d e f }. |
| 3 | Lowercase letters This is a set of lowercase letters { a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z }. |
| 4 | Uppercase letters This is a set of uppercase letters {A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z }. |
| 5 | Letters This is a set of lowercase and uppercase letters. |
| 6 | Alphanumeric characters This is a set of Digits, Lowercase letters and Uppercase letters. |
| 7 | Punctuation characters This is a set of ! ' # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / : ; < = > ? @ [ ] ^ _ ` { | } ~ |
| 8 | Graphical characters This is a set of Alphanumeric characters and Punctuation characters. |
| 9 | Space characters This is a set of tab, newline, vertical tab, form feed, carriage return, and space. |
| 10 | Printable characters This is a set of Alphanumeric characters, Punctuation characters and Space characters. |
| 11 | Control characters In ASCII, these characters have octal codes 000 through 037, and 177 (DEL). |
| 12 | Blank characters These are spaces and tabs. |
| 13 | Alphabetic characters This is a set of Lowercase letters and Uppercase letters. |
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